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Ocean Life and Ecosystems
  
where you want to beby Mahin Fayaz on Flickr

This  is  an Ocean. Oceans cover more than 71% of the Earth's surface.

  • There are 5 Oceans on planet Earth:
    • Pacific Ocean - Largest Ocean
    • Atlantic Ocean
    • Indian Ocean
    • Arctic Ocean and
    • Southern Ocean
  • Ocean biome is home to the largest known mammal of the world - the blue whale.
  • Ocean biome contains Coral Reefs which is actually its own separate biome.

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Great Barrier Reef 008by babasteve on Flickr

Corals  are  animals  in  the  Phylum  Cnidaria.

  • Coral  produces  eggs. 
  • Hard  Corals  have  a  white  skeleton  that  is  made  out  of  Lime  stone. 
  • Corals  inhabit  a  wide  range  of  habitats  and  regions. 
  • Corals  are  rare  in  the  fossil  record. 
  • Sea  fan  Corals  grow  at  right  angles  to  the  current  of  the  water.

 

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false twins -jellyfishesby marfis75 on Flickr

Jellyfishes  are  made  up  of  more  than  95%  of  water. 

  • A  jelly fish  has  a  simple  digestive  system  with  only  one  opening. 
  • Jellyfish  have  no  brain, no  blood,  and  no  nervous  system. 
  • A  jellyfish`s  body  consists  of  three  layers. 
  • Jellyfish  belong  to  the  Phylum  Cnidaria. 
  • There  are  about  200  species  of  True  Jellyfishes. 

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Something's Fishy...by *~Dawn~* on Flickr

Tropical  fish  have  bright  colors  and  unusual  shapes  and  sizes.

  • Fishes  are  divided  into  three  basic  groups  which  include  cartilaginous fishes, bony fishes, and  lobe-finned fishes.
  • Fishes  were  the  first  animals  to  evolve  backbones.
  • The  ray  finned  fishes  are  the  largest  group  of  fish.
  • Some  species  of  fish  migrate  between  freshwater  and  marine  environments  to  spawn.
  • Fishes  are  cold  blooded  animals.
  • Fishes  move  by  creating  a  wave  motion  that  moves  the  length  of  it`s  body.

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Loggerhead Turtleby timsackton (on vacation) on Flickr

Sea Turtles  eat  jellyfish, seaweeds, crabs, shrimps, sponges, snails, algae  and  mollusks.

  • Sea Turtles  are  found  in  all  warm  and  temperate  waters  throughout  the  world  and  migrate  hundred  of  miles  between  nesting  and  feeding  grounds.
  • Sea Turtles  spend  most  of  their  life  in  the  water.
  • Sea Turtles  are  one  of  the  Earth`s  most  ancient  creatures.

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Starfishby Enygmatic-Halycon on Flickr

Starfish  belongs  to  the  Phylum  Echinodermata.

  • Star fishes are  beautiful  animals  that  can  be  variety  of  colors, shapes  and  sizes,  although  all resemble  a  star.
  • They move  using  hundreds  of  tube  feet, which  is  located  on  their  underside. 
  • Instead  of  blood,  sea stars  have  a  water  vascular  system, in  which  the  sea star  pumps  sea  water  through  it`s  sieve  plate, or  madreporite, into  it`s  tube  feet  to  extend  them. 
  • There  are  about  2,000  species  of  seastars.
  • Some  live  in  the  intertidal zone, some  in  deep water, some  in  tropical  areas, and  some  in  cold water.

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Seaweed Wallby Orin Zebest on Flickr

Seaweeds  can  be  found  in  different  colors - Red, green  or  brown.

  • Seaweed  is  like  an  underwater  weed  because  it  grows  freely  and  often  times  plentiful, but  they  are  not  true  vascular  plants, they  are  marine algae. 
  • Seaweed  is  gathered  at  beaches, near  shore  waters, or  floating  on  the  water`s  surface.
  • It  is  one  of  the  sources  we  use  for  food. 
  • They  also  grow  in  different  shapes  and  sizes.
  • It  is  mostly  found  near  the  shore, in  the intertidal zone.
  • Seaweeds  can  be  very  tiny  or  stretch  to 300ft  or  100m.
  • Also  seaweeds  can  live  up  to  500 meters  deep  in  the  sea.
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Purple pippiby lotus8 on Flickr

Shells  are  the  hard, protective  coverings  that  are  parts  of  many  land  and  sea  body.

  • Shells  are  exoskeletons  protecting  the  creatures  living  inside.
  • They  grow  as  the  animal  or  creature  inside  grows.
  • Shelled  creatures  lay  eggs, which  are  also  shell  covered.
  • Some  creatures  are  called  shellfish  because  their  entire  bodies  are  covered  by  a  thick  shell.
  • Shrimp, lobster  and  crabs  are  examples  of  shellfish.

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Sea Cucumberby poplinre on Flickr

Sea Cucumbers  resemble  a  cucumber.

  • Sea Cucumber is found in wide range of  colors  from  white  to  shades  of  brown.
  • They  are  covered  in  spines or  warts, with  suctions  on  their  underside  that  they  use  to  move  across the  ocean  floor.
  • The  mouth, located  on  one  end  of  the  sea cucumber, is  lined  with  eight  to  30  tube  feet, which  they  use  to  grab  their  food.
  • Their  anus  is  on  the  opposite  end, which  they  use  to  breath  and  excrete  digested  food.
  • Most  sea cucumbers  eat  small  organisms  such  as  algae  or  plankton, but  others  eat  sediment  from  the  sea  floor and  waste  from  other  animals.

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Dolphins in Pine Island Soundby pmarkham on Flickr

Dolphins are  mammals; this  means that  they  nurse their  babies with milk from the  mothers.

  • Dolphins can swim up to 26 cm below  the surface of the ocean.
  • Dolphins can stay up to 15 minutes  underwater, but they cannot breathe underwater.
  • There are 36 different kinds of ocean  dolphins.The largest dolphin is killer whale.
  • Dolphins are warm blooded.
  • The most known dolphin is bottle nose dolphin.

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